What Is a First-Lien HELOC? How a First-Position Home Equity Loan Works

A first-lien HELOC replaces your mortgage with a flexible line of credit. This quick breakdown explains the guidelines, equity requirements, and why some homeowners are choosing this option instead of refinancing.

First-Lien HELOC (1st Position) — Client Overview

A first-lien HELOC replaces your current first mortgage (if you have one) and gives you a revolving line of credit secured by your home. This summary highlights the most common qualification basics and key rules.
10-year draw • interest-only payments20-year repaymentManual underwritingNo prepayment penaltyNot available in TX
Quick use-case
Helpful if you want flexibility to access equity over time (for renovations, debt consolidation, reserves, or planned expenses).

1) Basic Eligibility

Who can apply
U.S. citizens and permanent resident aliens • up to 4 borrowers.
Minimum credit score
640+ (no-score borrowers may be eligible but are treated like the 640–659 tier).
Max DTI
45% (higher only in limited “pending sale” scenarios).
Mortgage late policy
0×30 in the most recent 24 months.
Loan amount range
$50,000 minimum • up to $750,000 depending on credit and LTV.

2) Property Requirements

  • Occupancy: Primary • Second home • Investment.
  • Property types: 1–4 units (ADU allowed on 1–2 unit) • PUD • townhome • warrantable condos • NYC warrantable co-ops (primary only).
  • Not allowed: Manufactured homes • leasehold properties.
  • State notes: Not available in Texas. Florida/Nevada condos may have tighter LTV caps; declining-market rules can reduce max LTV.

3) How You Qualify (Payment & DTI)

  • Important: Even though the draw period payment is interest-only, qualification uses a 20-year principal & interest payment at the prevailing rate (amortized over 20 years) to calculate DTI.
  • DTI considers housing (PITI) and other debts per agency-style rules and lender overlays.
  • High unsecured debt use can be a risk factor.
Client tip: If you’re using this to consolidate debt, the lender will still look closely at your credit use patterns and whether debts are being paid down just to qualify.

4) LTV / Equity Basics (What Drives Approval)

  • LTV (loan-to-value) limits depend on credit score, occupancy, and number of units.
  • Top tiers can go as high as 90% LTV for many primary/second homes (1–2 units) with strong credit.
  • Investment properties typically cap lower (often 80% on 1-unit and 65% on 2-unit).
  • Declining market flags can cap LTV to 65% in certain cases.

5) Income Documentation Options

  • Standard income: Agency-style verification (paystubs/W-2, VOE, tax returns for self-employed, etc.).
  • Self-employed: Typically 1–2 years returns required; must be self-employed for 2+ years (extensions can trigger 2-year requirement).
  • Alternative options (if eligible):
    • Bank statement income (self-employed only): higher score and lower LTV caps apply; max loan amount may be lower.
    • Asset depletion: qualifying income may be derived from eligible assets; lower max LTV applies.

6) Reserves & Other Key Rules

  • Reserves: May be required (measured in months of PITI). Investment properties generally require more reserves.
  • Seasoning: Typically 6 months; if owned less than 6 months, value may be the lower of purchase price or appraisal.
  • Tax liens: Must be paid prior to/at closing.
  • POA: Not permitted.
  • Trusts: Allowed under standard guidelines (irrevocable trusts not permitted).
  • Valuation: AVM may be used for smaller balances; higher balances or certain properties require a full appraisal.

Next Steps

Want to see if a First-Lien HELOC makes sense for you? Use any of the options below to get started or connect directly.

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* Specific loan program availability and requirements may vary. Please get in touch with your mortgage advisor for more information.